腹直肌分离补片修补手术对腹壁核心健康的影响

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-392X.2026.01.019

腹直肌分离（DRA）是一种相对常见的腹壁疾病，表现为腹白线的变薄增宽以及两侧腹直肌间距增加。在DRA外科治疗中使用补片还存在争议。随着腹壁核心健康（ACH）概念的提出，疝和腹壁外科医师应该重新认识DRA，包括其临床表现、治疗方法以及补片的使用。有研究表明，补片修复对DRA患者有较好的疗效。然而，这些研究的评估仍不够详细和全面。目前亟需标准化工具来测量补片修复后的ACH状况。

关键词: 腹直肌分离, 腹壁核心健康, 手术治疗, 补片

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is a relatively common abdominal wall disorder, characterized by the thinning and widening of the linea alba, along with increased separation between the two rectus abdominis muscles. The use of mesh in the surgical treatment of DRA remains controversial. As the concept of abdominal core health(ACH) was proposed, surgeons specializing in hernias and abdominal wall disorders should reacquaint DRA, including the clinical manifestations, the treatment and the mesh use. Studies have shown the benefits of mesh repair in patients with DRA. However, these assessments were not detailed or comprehensive enough. Currently, there is a great need of standardized instruments for measuring the abdominal core health after mesh repair.

Key words: Diastasis recti abdominis, Abdominal core health, Surgical treatment, Mesh

表1 本研究纳入的使用补片进行腹直肌分离修复的研究

项目	Emanuelsson 2016^[44]	Batchvarova 2007^[52]	Palanivelu 2009^[53]	Moharaq 2024^[54]	Emanuelsson2014^[55]	Caldeira 2018^[56]	Swedenhammar 2020^[57]	Bucaria 2021^[58]
研究设计	前瞻性随机对照试验	回顾性病例系列	回顾性病例系列	回顾性病例系列	前瞻性随机对照试验	前瞻性病例系列	前瞻性随机对照试验	回顾性病例系列
分组	补片组比对照组	无对照组	无对照组	无对照组	补片组比对照组	无对照组	补片组比对照组	无对照组
例数	29	52	18	33	29	14	28	101
年龄(岁)	27~62	25~60	25~65	平均34	25~60	25~70	29~63	25~52
术前IRD (cm)	脐上0~7 脐下0.5~6	NM	8~14	平均4.4	≥3	NM	3~7	≥6
治疗方法
术式	Sublay	Sublay	IPOM	Onlay	Sublay	Sublay	Sublay	Sublay
补片	不可吸收	可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	可吸收
固定	否	是	是	是	否	是	否	是
手术入路	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹腔镜手术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术
随访率(%)	100	98	100	100	100	100	100	100
随访时间	1年	平均54个月	6~48个月	1年	3个月	>5年	5年	平均32.5个月
SSO发生率	浆液肿7%	浆液肿4% 伤口裂开2% 脐部坏死2% 膀胱损伤2%	肺炎6%	浆液肿18.2% 伤口感染9.1% 皮瓣坏死9.1%	浆液肿17% 血肿7% 浅表伤口感染31%	浅表伤口瘘7%	NM	浆液肿8.9% 脐部坏死0.9% 伤口愈合延迟4.95%
复发率(%)	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
核心功能和稳定性	肌肉改善(VAS和Biodex)	NM	89%提升	90.9%紧实度(主观的)	肌肉改善(VAS)	NM	肌肉改善(主观的)	NM
疼痛	VHPQ>1:17%	疼痛未加重	慢性疼痛11%	不适18.2%	VHPQ>1:17%	慢性疼痛14%	VHPQ>1:11%	100%腰背疼痛改善
生活质量	提高(SF-36)	NM	NM	NM	提高(SF-36)	100%结果满意^a	提高(SF-36)	NM
满意度(%)	NM	100	整形改善100	NM	90	100	功能改善96 整形改善39	100

表1 本研究纳入的使用补片进行腹直肌分离修复的研究

项目	Emanuelsson 2016^[44]	Batchvarova 2007^[52]	Palanivelu 2009^[53]	Moharaq 2024^[54]	Emanuelsson2014^[55]	Caldeira 2018^[56]	Swedenhammar 2020^[57]	Bucaria 2021^[58]
研究设计	前瞻性随机对照试验	回顾性病例系列	回顾性病例系列	回顾性病例系列	前瞻性随机对照试验	前瞻性病例系列	前瞻性随机对照试验	回顾性病例系列
分组	补片组比对照组	无对照组	无对照组	无对照组	补片组比对照组	无对照组	补片组比对照组	无对照组
例数	29	52	18	33	29	14	28	101
年龄(岁)	27~62	25~60	25~65	平均34	25~60	25~70	29~63	25~52
术前IRD (cm)	脐上0~7 脐下0.5~6	NM	8~14	平均4.4	≥3	NM	3~7	≥6
治疗方法
术式	Sublay	Sublay	IPOM	Onlay	Sublay	Sublay	Sublay	Sublay
补片	不可吸收	可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	不可吸收	可吸收
固定	否	是	是	是	否	是	否	是
手术入路	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹腔镜手术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术	腹壁成形术
随访率(%)	100	98	100	100	100	100	100	100
随访时间	1年	平均54个月	6~48个月	1年	3个月	>5年	5年	平均32.5个月
SSO发生率	浆液肿7%	浆液肿4% 伤口裂开2% 脐部坏死2% 膀胱损伤2%	肺炎6%	浆液肿18.2% 伤口感染9.1% 皮瓣坏死9.1%	浆液肿17% 血肿7% 浅表伤口感染31%	浅表伤口瘘7%	NM	浆液肿8.9% 脐部坏死0.9% 伤口愈合延迟4.95%
复发率(%)	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
核心功能和稳定性	肌肉改善(VAS和Biodex)	NM	89%提升	90.9%紧实度(主观的)	肌肉改善(VAS)	NM	肌肉改善(主观的)	NM
疼痛	VHPQ>1:17%	疼痛未加重	慢性疼痛11%	不适18.2%	VHPQ>1:17%	慢性疼痛14%	VHPQ>1:11%	100%腰背疼痛改善
生活质量	提高(SF-36)	NM	NM	NM	提高(SF-36)	100%结果满意^a	提高(SF-36)	NM
满意度(%)	NM	100	整形改善100	NM	90	100	功能改善96 整形改善39	100

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The influence of mesh repair surgery for diastasis recti abdominis on abdominal core health

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The influence of mesh repair surgery for diastasis recti abdominis on abdominal core health