疝是普通外科的常见疾病，手术修补仍是目前唯一的治愈方式。为恢复腹壁结构的完整性与功能稳定，疝修补术通常需植入补片进行重建。随着材料学及工程技术的不断发展，疝修补材料在种类和结构上日益丰富，其力学性能、生物相容性及临床适应证等方面存在明显差异，但理想修补材料仍有待进一步探索。日间疝手术模式的推广，对疝修补材料提出了更高的要求。本文系统回顾疝修补材料的发展历程与研究现状，重点介绍目前常用补片类型及其临床应用特点，并结合近年来材料设计的新趋势，对其未来发展方向进行分析，以期为疝修补材料的合理选择及相关研究提供参考。

Hernia is a common disease in general surgery, and surgical repair remains the only curative treatment at present. To restore the structural integrity and functional stability of the abdominal wall, hernia repair procedures usually require the implantation of mesh for reconstruction. With the continuous development of materials science and engineering technology, hernia repair materials have become increasingly diverse in type and structure, exhibiting notable differences in mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and clinical indications; however, the ideal repair material remains to be further explored. The promotion of the ambulatoryhernia surgery model has imposed higher requirements on hernia repair materials. This article systematically reviews the development history and current research status of hernia repair materials, with a focus on commonly used mesh types and their clinical application characteristics. In addition, in light of recent trends in material design, the future development directions are analyzed, with the aim of providing a reference for the rational selection of hernia repair materials and for related research.