血清肿常发生于腹股沟疝修补术后，大多数血清肿患者通过适当的观察与处理后可获得良好的治疗效果，但部分患者会将血清肿误认为是术后复发，从而引起不必要的疑惑和焦虑，影响其对预后的信心，少数严重血清肿处理不当会导致局部感染等较为复杂的并发症，影响患者预后。因此，对术后血清肿的成因和干预策略进行深入探讨，对于提升患者满意度和治疗效果尤为关键。本文结合国内外相关文献，对血清肿形成原因及预防、治疗进行综述，以期为临床提供有效的干预措施。

Seroma formation is a common occurrence following inguinal hernia repair. Most patients achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate observation and management. However, some patients may misinterpret a postoperative seroma as hernia recurrence, leading to unnecessary confusion and anxiety, and undermining confidence in prognosis. In a small proportion of cases, severe seromas that are inadequately managed may progress to local infection or other more complex complications, adversely affecting clinical outcomes. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the etiologies and intervention strategies for postoperative seroma is essential to improve patient satisfaction and therapeutic effectiveness. In this article, we synthesize evidence from domestic and international literature to review the mechanisms underlying seroma formation, as well as current approaches to its prevention and treatment, with the aim of providing clinically applicable strategies for effective management.