腹壁缺损修复重建不仅需要恢复结构的完整性，更需实现腹壁力学与功能的协调。传统腹壁缺损修补材料以宏观力学支撑为核心，但在修复过程中的过度强化常导致组织僵硬与功能障碍。近年来，对宏观与微观力学因素在组织再生中的协同作用的认识逐渐得到加强。宏观层面上，材料需具备与腹壁应力匹配的强度与顺应性，以维持结构稳定与张力平衡；微观层面上，材料通过调控基质刚度、黏弹性与外界应力分布，塑造细胞可感知的力学微环境，从而影响细胞黏附、骨架重构与分化行为。力学信号通过整合素/黏着斑激酶、机械敏感通路及转录共激活蛋白等实现感知与转导，最终调控组织再生与功能重塑。对腹壁缺损修复力学环境认识的深入为未来新型力学可调型再生支架的设计与应用提供了重要的方向。

The repair and reconstruction of abdominal wall defects requires not only the restoration of structural continuity but also the reestablishment of coordinated abdominal wall mechanics and function. Conventional abdominal wall defect repair materials primarily focus on providing macroscopic mechanical support; however, excessive reinforcement during the healing process often leads to tissue stiffness and functional impairment. In recent years, the synergistic roles of macroscopic and microscopic mechanical factors in tissue regeneration have received increasing attention. At the macroscopic level, materials must possess strength and compliance that match with the native abdominal wall to maintain structural stability and tension balance. At the microscopic level, materials regulate matrix stiffness, viscoelasticity, and external stress distribution to create a mechanically defined microenvironment that is perceptible to cells, thereby influencing cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, and lineage-specific differentiation. Mechanical signals are sensed and transduced through pathways such as Integrin/ focal adhesion kinase, mechanosensitive channels, and transcriptional coactivators, ultimately orchestrating tissue regeneration and functional remodeling. A deeper understanding of the mechanical environment in abdominal wall defect repair provides important insights for the development and application of next-generation mechanically tunable regenerative scaffolds.