疝是普通外科的常见疾病。无张力疝修补术是一种以人工材料制成修补平片用以加强腹股沟管的后壁，此方法的优点在于克服了传统手术对组织解剖结构的破坏，且修补后的组织低张力或无张力，但是寻找一种完美的修补材料是多年以来疝外科医师一直追寻的目标。完美的补片应具有：没有生物学活性及抗原性；免疫原性低；稳定性高；力学性能良好；组织相容性良好；抗黏连，抗感染，减轻患者疼痛感等特点。当前蚕丝因特性优质、产量来源广泛，已经大量应用于各个行业，其中生物医学领域也多有涉及，如在运动损伤中的组织修、药物纤维的开发与应用等，而蜘蛛丝因其某些特性与蚕丝相似，但其功能又远超蚕丝，因此，本文主要介绍蜘蛛丝以及其在医学中的应用，尤其是作为疝修补材料的应用。

Hernias are common diseases in general surgery practice. Tension-free hernia repair uses the prosthesis to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The advantage of this method is that it overcomes the anatomical damage by traditional surgery, and the repaired tissue is low tension or tension-free. However, finding an ideal material is the goal of all hernia surgeons for many years. The ideal mesh should have: no biological activity and antigenicity; low immunogenicity; high stability; good mechanical properties; good histocompatibility; anti-adhesion, anti-infection, and pain relief. Silkworm silk has high quality and wide range of production sources, it has been widely used in various fields, including biomedical science, such as tissue repair in sports injuries, pharmaceutical development. Some characteristics of spider silk are similar to silkworm silk, but with more advantages in function than silk. Therefore, this paper mainly introduces spider silk and its application in medicine, especially as the hernia mesh repair materials.