腹股沟疝、闭孔疝及女性压力性尿失禁的手术治疗都不可避免地涉及保护闭孔血管这一重要环节。笔者探究了闭孔血管的解剖、腹股沟疝、闭孔疝及女性压力性尿失禁的手术与闭孔血管的关系，以及在腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术（TAPP）和完全腹膜外疝修补术（TEP）、闭孔疝的各种术式、经闭孔阴道无张力吊带术（TVT-O）等术式中保护闭孔血管的各种策略。总结归纳TAPP 和TEP 术由于解剖Retzius 间隙而于耻骨前内侧显露了闭孔血管的分支“死亡冠”血管，闭孔疝疝囊由于走行于闭孔管因此与闭孔血管神经束发生伴行，女性压力性尿失禁的TVT-O 术由于穿刺左右侧闭孔膜需要远离闭孔血管神经束，上述三种疾病术式不同，手术部位也相应不同，手术方式与闭孔血管的关系也不同，因此手术操作对闭孔血管的保护策略也不相同。我们需要熟练掌握闭孔血管的解剖，明确三种疾病的手术方式与闭孔血管的不同关系，在手术过程中做出正确的保护闭孔血管策略。

The surgical treatments for inguinal hernia, obturator hernia, and stress urinary incontinence in females all inevitably involve the crucial step of protecting the obturator vessels.The author explored the anatomy of the obturator vessels, the relationships between the surgeries for inguinal hernia, obturator hernia, and stress urinary incontinence of females and the obturator vessels, as well as various strategies for protecting the obturator vessels in surgical procedures such as transabdominal preperitoneal approach (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal approach (TEP) for inguinal hernia, different surgical approaches for obturator hernia, and transobturator tension-free vaginal tape obturator technique(TVT-O) for stress urinary incontinence of females.It is summarized that in TAPP and TEP procedures, due to the dissection of the Retzius space， the “corona mortis” vessels， which are branches of the obturator vessels, are exposed anteriorly and medially to the pubis; The hernial sac of the obturator hernia runs through the obturator canal and thus accompanies the obturator vessel and nerve bundle; In the TVT-O procedure for stress urinary incontinence in females, when puncturing the left and right obturator membranes, it is necessary to keep away from the obturator vessel and nerve bundle.Since the surgical procedures for the above three diseases are different, the surgical sites are also correspondingly different,and the relationships between the surgical methods and the obturator vessels are also different.Therefore,the strategies for protecting the obturator vessels during the surgical operation are different.We need to master the anatomy of the obturator vessels proficiently, clarify the different relationships between the surgical methods of the three diseases and the obturator vessels, and make the correct strategies for protecting the obturator vessels during the surgical procedure.