Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), as a common gynecological pelvic floor disorder, has been increasing in prevalence year by year with population aging. Vaginal colpocleisis, as one of the effective surgical approaches for treating severe POP in elderly women, is characterized by a short operative time, a high surgical success rate, a relatively low incidence of complications, and a high level of patient satisfaction. However, after vaginal colpocleisis, patients lose vaginal coital function; therefore, this procedure is only suitable for women who do not need to preserve sexual function. Accordingly, adequate preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up are required. This review aims to evaluate the effects of vaginal colpocleisis on patients’ quality of life, body image, and sexual life, as well as to summarize the postoperative regret rate and postoperative complications. A review of the literature indicates that vaginal colpocleisis can improve patients’ quality of life and body image, but patient selection should be strictly controlled, with particular attention to bladder and bowel symptoms.