Parastomal hernia is one of the most common long-term complications following stoma creation. The reported incidence varies widely due to the lack of standardized classification systems, diagnostic criteria, and variations in follow-up duration. The occurrence of parastomal hernia is influenced by multiple factors, including patient-related factors, surgical techniques, and alterations in abdominal wall structure. CT is the preferred diagnostic method in imaging examinations, but ultrasound and MRI are also valuable in specific scenarios. Various surgical approaches are available, with differences in recurrence rates, complication profiles, and long-term outcomes among procedures. In recent years, preventive mesh placement has shown certain advantages in reducing the incidence of paraostomaly hernia. In the future, high-quality prospective research is needed to further establish standardized diagnostic and treatment criteria and optimize individualized treatment strategies. This article provides a review of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of parastomal hernia.