The repair and reconstruction of abdominal wall defects requires not only the restoration of structural continuity but also the reestablishment of coordinated abdominal wall mechanics and function. Conventional abdominal wall defect repair materials primarily focus on providing macroscopic mechanical support; however, excessive reinforcement during the healing process often leads to tissue stiffness and functional impairment. In recent years, the synergistic roles of macroscopic and microscopic mechanical factors in tissue regeneration have received increasing attention. At the macroscopic level, materials must possess strength and compliance that match with the native abdominal wall to maintain structural stability and tension balance. At the microscopic level, materials regulate matrix stiffness, viscoelasticity, and external stress distribution to create a mechanically defined microenvironment that is perceptible to cells, thereby influencing cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, and lineage-specific differentiation. Mechanical signals are sensed and transduced through pathways such as Integrin/ focal adhesion kinase, mechanosensitive channels, and transcriptional coactivators, ultimately orchestrating tissue regeneration and functional remodeling. A deeper understanding of the mechanical environment in abdominal wall defect repair provides important insights for the development and application of next-generation mechanically tunable regenerative scaffolds.