胃食管反流病（GERD）是一种常见的慢性疾病，通常可引起食管外症状。据估算其全球患病率为13.98%，全球患者人数约为10.3亿。通过内科抑酸治疗通常可有效解决反流引起的症状和反流性食管炎，然而约1/3接受抑酸治疗的GERD患者在治疗8周时症状仍反应不足。而抑酸治疗更加难以有效控制其食管外症状。此外，人们越来越担心无限期使用抑酸剂的长期后果。抗反流手术可机械性修复和增强抗反流屏障，以防止胃内容物异常反流进入食管和气道，从而提供了一种更有效的替代药物治疗的方法，可以最大限度地控制GERD症状和避免长期用药。本文通过对以往GERD食管外症状抗反流手术研究中患者入选方法的分析，为指导临床进行详细的GERD食管外症状术前评估，优化手术患者选择，以达到最佳的手术效果提供依据。

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common and costly chronic disease, and usually causes extraesophageal symptoms. It is estimated that the global prevalence rate is 13.98%, and the number of patients worldwide is about 1.03 billion. The symptoms and reflux esophagitis caused by reflux can usually be effectively solved by internal acid suppression treatment. However, about one third of GERD patients receiving acid suppression treatment still have insufficient symptom control after 8 weeks of treatment. Moreover, acid suppression therapy is more difficult to effectively control the extraesophageal symptoms. In addition, people are increasingly concerned about the long-term consequences of the indefinite use of acid inhibitors. Anti-reflux surgery can mechanically repair and strengthen the anti-reflux barrier to prevent abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and airway, thus providing a more effective alternative method to drug treatment that can maximize the control of GERD symptoms and avoid long-term medication. Through the analysis of the selection methods of patients in the previous studies of anti-reflux surgery for GERD extraesophageal symptoms, this paper provides a basis for guiding the clinical to conduct a detailed preoperative evaluation of GERD extraesophageal symptoms, optimizing the selection of surgical patients, and achieving the best surgical effect.