腹壁疝是一种常见的外科疾病，其中复杂腹壁疝通常指那些较大的或/和合并会严重影响治疗效果的并发症的腹壁疝。随着肥胖率的升高和腹部手术量的增多，复杂腹壁疝的发生率在不断上升。其治疗难度较大，常合并一些诸如感染、腹腔粘连及肠梗阻等并发症，并且在术后较易复发。超声检查能够辅助诊断腹壁疝的发生，并在术前评估疝的大小、范围、与周围组织的毗邻关系等，提供腹壁疝较精确的定位信息，为手术方式、入路和操作的制定提供帮助，改善手术的治疗效果及患者预后。同时超声检查还能够在围手术期监测复杂腹壁疝患者的并发症情况，以便临床及时干预。此外，在超声引导下的肉毒素注射、水分离术以及经腹横肌平面阻滞等新技术也为复杂腹壁疝的治疗提供了帮助和新的治疗思路。

Ventral hernia is a common surgical disease and complex ventral hernia usually refers to a hernia that is large or/and that has complications which can seriously affect the effectiveness of treatment. With the increasing prevalence of both obesity and abdominal surgery, the incidence of complex ventral hernia is on the rise. Complex ventral hernia is difficult to deal with, since it often combines with other complications such as infection, abdominal adhesion and intestinal obstruction. And it is of high incidence to relapse after surgery. Ultrasonography can assist in the diagnosis of the occurrence of ventral hernia. It can also evaluate the size and scope of the ventral hernia and the adjacency relationship with the surrounding tissues before surgery, so as to provide accurate positioning information about the ventral hernia, which is of great importance for the surgery. At the same time, ultrasonography can also monitor the complications of complex ventral hernia during the perioperative period so the necessary intervention can be adopted in a timely manner. In addition, new techniques such as ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection, ultrasound-guided hydro-dissection and ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block are helpful and provide new therapeutic techniques for the treatment of complex ventral hernia.